The Seneca, known as the "Keeper of the Western Door", are a Native American people consisting of three federally recogized tribes: (1) the Seneca Nation of Indians (near Buffalo, New York), (2) the Tonawanda Band of Seneca Native Americans (Akron, New York), and (3) the Seneca-Cayuga Nation (Grove, Oklahoma). In their language, they call themselves "Great Hill People."

The number of fluent Seneca language speakers is diminishing and the language is considered at-risk. However, they have in place language programs to help protect, preserve and develop a new generation of Seneca language speakers to keep the Seneca language alive. The language is spoken in West New York, Tonawanda, Cattaraugus, and Allegheny reservations, in addition to northeast Oklahoma where it is intermingled with Cayuga.

Their religious preferences vary depending upon location. Some adhere to traditional religion while others adhere to several different Christian denominations.